wh 写了: 2025年 9月 12日 02:41
那不善待移民的教徒是违背教义吗?
以前看犹太人拍的二战中的上海犹太人的纪录片,说当时各国领馆大都拒发签证给犹太人,只有中国驻奥领事何凤山顶着压力发签证(大使禁止发),让几千个犹太难民得以逃到上海活下来。纪录片里的一个老太太说因为他们有过刻骨铭心的“非移”经历,所以对现在到美国寻求政治庇护的非移也将心比心,说是要把中国人对他们的善意传播给更多人。
现在的非移不知道有多少是真正受政治迫害的。虽然不完全同意老太太的说法,不过这段纪录片至少让我明白为什么有的人善待非移。说起来何凤山确实是基督徒。
歷史是複雜的,“中華民國”在1938年水晶之夜後連首都南京都丟了,武漢戰役也失敗,上海根本就不在其管轄範圍。一個搖搖欲墜的敵對國家的簽證,必須由日本承認,才能進入上海。這就像烏克蘭大使館給加沙難民發放了克里米亞特別簽證,其實就是專門給俄羅斯找麻煩。
After the Kristallnacht in 1938, the situation became rapidly more difficult for the almost 200,000 Austrian Jews. The only way for Jews to escape from Nazism was to leave Europe. In order to leave, they had to provide proof of emigration, usually a visa from a foreign nation, or a valid boat ticket. This was difficult, however, because at the 1938 Évian Conference 31 countries (out of a total of 32, which included Canada, Australia, and New Zealand) refused to accept Jewish immigrants. The only country willing to accept Jews was the Dominican Republic, which offered to accept up to 100,000 refugees. Acting against the orders of his superior Chen Jie (陳介), the Chinese ambassador to Berlin, Ho started to issue transit visas to Shanghai, under Japanese occupation except for foreign concessions. Twelve hundred visas were issued by Ho in only the first three months of holding office as Consul-General. At the time it was not necessary to have a visa to enter Shanghai, but the visas allowed the Jews to leave Austria. Many Jewish families left for Shanghai, whence most of them would later leave for Hong Kong and Australia.
日軍在1938年10月26日攻佔武昌及漢口、1938年10月27日攻佔漢陽,完成攻佔武漢三鎮的行動。1938年12月22日,日本內閣總理大臣近衞文麿發表第三次近衞聲明,說日本期旨不在領土與賠償,而是結合兩大文明、中日滿三國,其內容包括:(1)善鄰友好;(2)共同防共;(3)經濟提攜。1938年12月29日,汪精衛「艷電」宣布與日本合作。中國國民黨宣布將汪精衛開除黨籍。然而由於近衛內閣數天後(1939年1月4日)突然辭職,以及雲南軍閥龍雲並未支持汪兆銘,和平運動失敗。1939年5月8日汪抵上海,在江灣土肥原公館與影佐禎昭和犬養健會談。1940年3月30日,汪精衛在南京舉行國民政府「還都儀式」,發表《和平建國十大政綱》。